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The Sexual Offender

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THE SEXUAL OFFENDERS

Our discussion here is limited in the sense that you will be delving into this topic when you have your Forensic Medicine which will provide you insights as to what is and who are sexual offenders. Because a specific topic in that subject is all about “Sexual Abnormalities”. But I will be giving you a free handout for that for you to see who are they, just CLICK HERE to get the portion of the book of Pedro Solis about sexual abnormalities.

In this regard, we will just try to profile here what are the characteristics of the normal sexual offenders, and let’s try to validate their behavior and try to assess what can we do so that this person can be avoided, if not corrected.

The process of normal sexual development is probably a joining of the following:

    1. Conditioned inhibition of the inappropriate (socially unacceptable) expression of innate sexual impulses or “drives”; and (maaga tayong naturuan sa mga sekswal na usapin at kung ano ang hindi maganda at hindi dapat gawin)
    2. Conditioned excitation of initially neutral stimuli so that these stimuli acquire erotic arousal value for an individual. (paano kinokontrol ang stimulus o pakiramdam/pagkasigla kapag ikaw ay may nakikita o nararamdaman o naamoy)

Both conditions can trigger sexual deviation if at a young age were not neutralized or corrected. Many psychologists believe that suppression is not the answer, but rather explaining properly why this INHIBITION and EXCITATION must be handled properly.

Besides, we have a further explanation here below:

Biologically or physiologically, we are probably born:

    • With the potential to respond sexually to a wide range of primary erotic stimuli or situations, including some that are not socially approved or appropriate; and
    • With the potential to respond sexually in an egocentric and aggressive fashion
    • Inhibitory and excitatory conditioning through various operant social learning and classical conditioning processes. The range of erotic stimuli to which the male will respond are the following:

    1. Restricted: inhibition of sexual arousal to socially inappropriate or unacceptable erotic stimuli or situations and to inhibit the more egocentric and aggressive components of our sexuality; and,
    2. Expanded or refined: associations between initially non-erotic stimuli and sexual arousal tend to extend the range of arousing stimuli. As such, the stimuli acquire conditioned erotic value (e.g., hair color, facial or body features, clothing, perfumes, etc.)

Abnormal Sexual Development

    1. When normal sexual development goes awry, the individual may reach maturity either with inadequate inhibitory controls or with deviant erotic preferences; (walang control as sarili, an example is catcalling)
    2. In either case, he is likely to come into confrontation with society because of his sexual behaviors; (nagagalit o naiirita ang mga tao sa ugali – and there are varying reasons such that: kung makatingin; kung nagsasalita; kung nakainom o lasing, etc.)

    3. This view of sexual deviance suggests that there may be some basis to the assertions of some feminist writers (e.g., Brown miller, 1975; Clark & Lewis, 1977) that the potential for sexual aggression or assault is in all males. This is true because seldom reported a woman committed a sexual assault or molestation)
    4. However, it would appear that inhibitory controls are perhaps stronger or more fully developed in some men than in women. (kadalasan mas malakas ang pagkontrol ng mga lalaki sa babae)
    5. It may well be that what fundamentally distinguishes the majority of men who commit sexual offenses from the majority of men who don’t are: (ang kalalakihan daw na kulang ang kontrol sa sarili ay dahil sa mga sumusunod:)
      • Weaker inhibitory controls
      • Aberrant sexual conditioning histories
        • Negative social-sexual histories which promote hostility and misogyny (hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls) and/or lifestyles (e.g., substance abuse) which facilitate more frequent and more profound disinhibition of their sexual impulses

Deviant Sexual Behavior

Deviant sexual behaviors are unnatural sexual offenses and are considered a kind of sexual perversion. Most of these persons do not exhibit criminal intent (although such intent may be exhibited by some) but manifest mental aberrations which may need psychiatric treatment (see again your downloaded notes from the book of Solis).

There are factors that contribute to the development of sexual deviation and perversion, the most common are the following:

    • Environment
    • Degree of Education
    • Degree of Morality
    • Habits, and
    • Hereditary Factors

Some of the unnatural sexual perversion and deviation (see the downloaded notes on sexual offenses of Pedro Solis)

THE RAPIST

The Rapists

The Sexual Violence Profile consists of six (6) different sexual scenarios: 3 consent episodes and 3 rape episodes:

      1. “Enthusiastic” episode – the female initiates the sexual encounter and most of the sexual behaviors described;
      2. “Passive” episode – she neither initiates nor rejects the sexual activities and is in some respects rather an uninvolved participant throughout;
      3. “Reluctant” episode – she initially expresses some hesitation or reservation but quickly allows herself to be seduced, though again she is a somewhat passive participant (1-3 is called consent episode)
      4. “Threat” episode – this is a rape where the man warns the victim that she will be seriously harmed if she doesn’t submit, though he doesn’t actually inflict any physical violence upon her beyond the sexual assault itself,
      5. “Restraint” episode – the man threatens her with physical harm, physically forces her down upon the floor, and forcefully holds her down on the floor while he rapes her, and
      6. “Assault” episode – the woman is repeatedly punched and slapped while being raped

Types of Rapist

      1. Some sadistic rapists appear to be sexually aroused by violence and no consent, i.e., they show enhancement of sexual arousal in the presence of cues for force and no consent.
      2. Other preferential rapists show increased arousal to the use of force or violence in a sexual situation, but not to nonsexual violence.
      3. Other rapists show profiles that are “undifferentiated” or “non-discriminating” in that they are equally aroused by rape and consensual sex and appear to be relatively unaffected by what the victim says, does, or feels.

 

Characteristics of Sex Offenders

      1. Poor social skills, especially heterosocial skills
      2. Social alienation, isolation, and rejection
      3. Low self-esteem and self-confidence
      4. Chronic anger/hostility
      5. General impulsivity or behavior control
      6. Poor problem-solving and goal-setting skills
      7. Deficient or impaired empathy
      8. Inadequate knowledge about sex and sexuality
      9. Conservative, conventional, prudish attitudes toward sex and toward women
      10. Stereotyped notions about male and female sex roles and relationships, “double standard” beliefs
      11. Acceptance of myths/cognitive distortions about women & rape
      12. Aberrations in sexual arousal and sexual fantasy
      13. Denial or minimization of guilt or responsibility
      14. Denial or minimization of negative impact on victim Developmental Correlates of Sexual Aggression in Adolescent Offenders Observed in Various Studies

RISK FACTOR FOR SEXUAL AGGRESSION

      1. Difficulty in relating on a functional level to peers, leading to social isolation, rejection, and increased aggression and/or socialization with younger children.
      2. Cognitive distortions resulting from a lack of sexual knowledge, lack of empathy, limited understanding of sexual values, and faulty perceptions about his own victimization, which foster a belief that the sexual victimization of others will have positive outcomes for the offender and that negative consequences for himself or the victim will be minor.
      3. The development and reinforcement through masturbation of deviant sexual fantasies.
      4. Positive reinforcement of deviant sexual acts, both physically and emotionally, especially when there are no negative consequences for the behavior.

PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR SEXUAL AGGRESSION

    1. Good social skills.
    2. Well-developed ability to inhibit and modulate behavior.
    3. Good cognitive capabilities, which allow the school to become a positive source of emotional support and foster a sense of mastery over one’s life and environment.
    4. A history of secure attachment with parents.
    5. The presence of a non-blaming and emotionally supportive caregiver, especially the mother.

TREATMENT OBJECTIVES FOR SEX OFFENDERS

    1. Reducing denial – increasing the offender’s acceptance of responsibility for the offense.
    2. Increasing the offender’s understanding of the impact of the sexual assault on the victim.
    3. Providing insight into the offender’s motives for the assault, antecedent events or precipitants, and dynamics of the offense.
    4. Working through the offender’s own physical or sexual victimization
    5. Relating the offender’s own experiences as a victim to the probable feelings and reactions of his victim(s).
    6. Providing insight into the relationship between the offender’s own victimization and his victimization of others.
    7. Educating the offender about sexuality, sexual values, sex roles.
    8. Assertiveness and social skills training.
    9. Stress management and anger management.

Components of Treatment and Programs for Sex Offenders

      • Sex Education – Responsible Partner
      • Victim Empathy/Awareness
      • Accountability
      • Victim Confrontation
      • Social Skills Training
      • Assertiveness Training
      • Stress & Anger Management

END OF STUDYING HUMAN BEHAVIOR

AN ACTIVITY WILL FOLLOW SOON!